In Common Law systems (like the UK, US, India, and New Zealand), judges make decisions based on both written laws and past court decisions (called precedents). These systems are adversarial, meaning two lawyers argue their sides, and the judge listens and make decisions without getting involved in the investigation. In Civil Law systems (like France, Germany, Indonesia, and Japan), judges follow written laws made by the parliament. There’s less focus on past decisions. These systems are inquisitorial, which means judges play an active role—they investigate the case.